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User Guide
The information contained in this section applies to WebSphere Commerce Version 8. The documentation also applies to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in a newer section.WebSphere Commerce is a single, unified e-commerce platform that offers the ability to do business directly with consumers (B2C), directly with businesses (B2B), and indirectly through channel partners (indirect business models). WebSphere Commerce is designed to be a customizable, scalable, and high availability solution that is built to leverage open standards. It provides easy-to-use tools for business users to centrally manage a cross-channel strategy. Business users can create and manage precision marketing campaigns, promotions, catalog, and merchandising across all sales channels.
Developing
The topics in the Developing section describe tasks performed by an application developer.
Functional architecture
Functional architecture provides both the set of patterns used to implement the business functionality and the frameworks in which these business functions execute.
WebSphere Commerce common architecture
Before examining how the WebSphere Commerce Server functions, it is useful to look at the larger picture of the software components that relate to WebSphere Commerce.
WebSphere Commerce functional overview
WebSphere Commerce functional architecture is based on a loose coupling of the presentation and business logic layers.
Design patterns
A variety of design patterns are used to develop the WebSphere Commerce framework. Any solution extending from WebSphere Commerce should adhere to these high-level design patterns.
Display design pattern
Display pages return a response to a client. Typically, display pages are implemented as JSP pages.

User Guide
The information contained in this section applies to WebSphere Commerce Version 8. The documentation also applies to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in a newer section.WebSphere Commerce is a single, unified e-commerce platform that offers the ability to do business directly with consumers (B2C), directly with businesses (B2B), and indirectly through channel partners (indirect business models). WebSphere Commerce is designed to be a customizable, scalable, and high availability solution that is built to leverage open standards. It provides easy-to-use tools for business users to centrally manage a cross-channel strategy. Business users can create and manage precision marketing campaigns, promotions, catalog, and merchandising across all sales channels.
- Planning
  Creating a custom implementation of a WebSphere Commerce store requires a significant amount of planning. From gathering client needs, to deploying the live solution, much work is needed to successfully deploy a custom client store. Use the resources in here to help you plan every phase of store creation.
- Installing
  Review the following sections for information about installing the WebSphere Commerce product, associated maintenance, and WebSphere Commerce enhancements.
- Migrating
  Before you migrate to WebSphere Commerce Version 8.0, review this information to help plan and execute your migration.
- Deploying
  The topics in this section describe how to publish stores to either a test or production environment, and how to deploy customized code.
- Operating
- Integrating
  Topics in the Integrating category highlight the tasks that are commonly performed for using WebSphere Commerce in combination with other products.
- Administering
- Tutorials
  WebSphere Commerce provides many tutorials to help you customize and understand your WebSphere Commerce instance and stores.
- Samples
- Developing
  The topics in the Developing section describe tasks performed by an application developer.
  - Functional architecture
    Functional architecture provides both the set of patterns used to implement the business functionality and the frameworks in which these business functions execute.
    - WebSphere Commerce common architecture
      Before examining how the WebSphere Commerce Server functions, it is useful to look at the larger picture of the software components that relate to WebSphere Commerce.
      - WebSphere Commerce runtime framework enhancements
        The runtime framework enhancements better enable support for multiple sales channels by further decoupling the presentation tier from the business logic tier. A sales channel is a method that a customer can use to purchase merchandise for example, in-store, from an online store, or from a call center.
      - WebSphere Commerce application layers
        Now that you have seen how the various software components related to WebSphere Commerce fit together, it is important to understand the application architecture. This understanding can help you to understand which parts are foundation layers and which parts you can modify.
      - WebSphere Commerce functional overview
        WebSphere Commerce functional architecture is based on a loose coupling of the presentation and business logic layers.
        WebSphere Commerce framework overview
        In WebSphere Commerce, the server runtime defines the framework for handling system and user requests, and performs the appropriate business logic to process the requests. The framework is built by using an MVC design pattern and provides an environment that hosts business logic and handles persistence. It performs such tasks as transaction management and session management.
        WebSphere Commerce framework interaction
        This section provides a summary of the interaction flow between components when forming a response to a request.
        Design patterns
        A variety of design patterns are used to develop the WebSphere Commerce framework. Any solution extending from WebSphere Commerce should adhere to these high-level design patterns.
        Model-View-Controller design pattern
        The model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern specifies that an application consist of a data model, presentation information, and control information. The pattern requires that each of these be separated into different objects.
        Command design pattern
        WebSphere Commerce Server accepts requests from browser-based thin-client applications; and remote applications. For example, a request may come from a remote procurement system, or from another commerce server.
        Display design pattern
        Display pages return a response to a client. Typically, display pages are implemented as JSP pages.
    - Operational architecture
      Operational architecture includes the system design and topology and the non-functional requirements of the WebSphere Commerce system.
  - Persistent object model
    WebSphere Commerce deals with a large amount of persistent data. There are numerous tables defined in the current database schema. Even with this extensive schema, however, you might need to extend or customize the database schema for your particular business needs.
  - Presentation layer
    WebSphere Commerce uses Java Server Pages (JSP) to implement the view layer of the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. The view layer is in charge of retrieving data from the database through the use of data beans and formatting it to meet the display requirements. The view layers determines whether the request is sent to a browser or streamed out as XML. JSP files present a clean separation between data content and presentation.
  - Controller layer
    The Controller layer is the conductor of operations for a request. It controls the transaction scope and manages the session related information for the request. The controller first dispatches to a command and then calls the appropriate view processing logic to render the response.
  - Business logic layer
    The business logic layer is the business components that provide OAGIS services to return data or start business processes. The presentation layer uses these OAGIS services to display data, or to invoke a business process. The business logic provides data required by the presentation layer. The business logic layer exists because more than just fetching and updating data is required by an application; there is also additional business logic independent of the presentation layer.
  - Persistence layer
    The interaction between the business objects and persistence layer is isolated in an object called the Business Object Mediator. Business object document (BOD) commands interact with the Business Object Mediator to handle the interaction with the logical objects and how they are persisted.
  - Business model information model
    A business model, a representation of the business processes used throughout the site, provides a sample commerce solution which includes an organization structure, default user roles and access control policies, one or more starter stores, administration tools, and business processes that demonstrate best practices. A business model can be customized to support business requirements and scenarios. WebSphere Commerce provides sample business models that show some common commerce solutions. These business models are created by setting up an organization hierarchy structure, access control policies, stores, and contracts that help satisfy the necessary business requirements.
  - Business models
    Before starting to develop your site with WebSphere Commerce, you need to determine the business model supported by WebSphere Commerce that best represents the purpose of your site. Usually sites created with WebSphere Commerce will be implemented based on of one of these business models.
  - Store data information model
    Store data is the information that is loaded into the WebSphere Commerce Server database, which allows your store to function. The URL Registry Entries and View Registry Entries packages are included in the diagram, but they are not database assets. These entries are presentation configuration (that is, struts actions and forwards) that must be deployed. URL registry entries are shown in the diagram to illustrate the entire store data information model. To operate properly, a store must have the data in place to support all customer activities. For example, in order for a customer to make a purchase, your store must contain a catalog of goods for sale (catalog data), the data associated with processing orders (tax and shipping data), and the inventory to fulfill the request (inventory and fulfillment data).
  - Customizing WebSphere Commerce
    You can extend the WebSphere Commerce product to fit your business needs. This topic describes the prerequisite skills and required knowledge that you need to customize business logic. After you have the required knowledge, use WebSphere Commerce Developer to take tutorials that guide you step-by-step through various customization scenarios.
  - WebSphere Commerce development environment
    WebSphere Commerce Developer is the development toolkit for customizing a WebSphere Commerce application.
  - Web services and WebSphere Commerce
    A web service is an interface that describes a collection of operations that are accessible through the network by using standardized XML messaging.
  - WebSphere Commerce Search
    WebSphere Commerce comes with a powerful and fully integrated search function. The search functions in WebSphere Commerce provide an enriched customer experience, with features such as automatic search term suggestions and spelling correction. Since it is built on open standards, WebSphere Commerce Search is highly flexible and extensible. Starter stores can use the search engine's most sophisticated features without requiring extra customization. A key feature of Search is that sales personnel can create and manage search term associations, and search-based merchandising rules, from within the Management Center and Store view.
- Compliance
  The following section describes how you can leverage WebSphere Commerce features and functionality to help your site be compliant with different privacy and security standards.
- Securing
  These topics describe the security features of WebSphere Commerce and how to configure these features.
- Performance
- Troubleshooting

Display design pattern

Display pages return a response to a client. Typically, display pages are implemented as JSP pages.

In order to support multiple device types, a URL access to a page should use a view name, not the name of the actual JSP file.

The main rationale behind this level of indirection is that the JSP page represents a view. The ability to select the appropriate view (for example, based on locale, device type, or other data in the request context) is highly desirable, especially since a single request often has multiple possible views. Consider the example of two shoppers requesting the home page of a store, one shopper using a typical Web browser and the other using a cellular phone. Clearly, the same home page should not be displayed to each shopper. The Web controller's responsibility is to accept the request, then based upon information in the command registration framework, determine the view that each shopper receives.