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Securing
This section describes security features, including execution control lists, IDs, and TLS.
Web-based authentication
Define and set up authentication methods for web users, for example through basic password authentication, passkeys, time-based one-time password, or single sign-on.
Using OpenID Connect (OIDC) to configure federated-identity authentication
Federated identity is a means of achieving single sign-on, providing user convenience and helping reduce administrative cost. One way that client applications can authenticate users is by using an OpenID Connect (OIDC) provider.
Preparing for OIDC authentication
The tasks in this section are prerequisites to using both HTTP Bearer authentication using an OIDC provider and configuring SSO for web clients using an OIDC provider.
Managing the JSON Web Key cache
In Domino 14.0, the main server task manages and caches the configured OIDC Providers in the IDP Catalog database and their trusted JSON Web Keys (JWKs). These trusted JWKs are used to cryptographically verify the JWTs used for HTTP Bearer Authentication and Web Login with OIDC. This cached information can be used by all Domino server tasks, including C API programs using the SECValidateAccessToken SDK function.

Securing
This section describes security features, including execution control lists, IDs, and TLS.
- Overview of Domino security
  Setting up security for your organization is a critical task. Your security infrastructure is critical for protecting your organization's IT resources and assets. As an administrator, you need to give careful consideration to your organization's security requirements before you set up any servers or users. Up-front planning pays off later in minimizing the risks of compromised security.
- Server access for Notes® users, Internet users, and Domino® servers
  To control user and server access to other servers, Domino® uses the settings you specify on the Security tab in the Server document as well as the rules of validation and authentication. If a server validates and authenticates the Notes® user, Internet user, or server, and the settings in the Server document allow access, the user or server is allowed access to the server.
- The database access control list
  Every .NSF database has an access control list (ACL) that specifies the level of access that users and servers have to that database. Although the names of access levels are the same for users and servers, those assigned to users determine the tasks that they can perform in a database, while those assigned to servers determine what information within the database the servers can replicate. Only someone with Manager access can create or modify the ACL.
- Domino® server and Notes® user IDs
  Domino® uses ID files to identify users and to control access to servers. Every Domino server, Notes® certifier, and Notes user must have an ID.
- The execution control list
  You use an execution control list (ECL) to configure workstation data security. An ECL protects user workstations against active content from unknown or suspect sources, and can be configured to limit the action of any active content that does run on workstations.
- Domino® server-based certification authority
  You can set up a Domino® certifier that uses the CA process server task to manage and process certificate requests. The CA process runs as a process on Domino servers that are used to issue certificates. When you set up a Notes® or Internet certifier, you link it to the CA process on the server in order to take advantage of CA process activities. Only one instance of the CA process can run on a server; however, the process can be linked to multiple certifiers.
- TLS security
  Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol that provides communications privacy and authentication for Domino® server tasks that operate over TCP/IP.
- TLS and S/MIME for clients
  Clients can use a Domino® certificate authority (CA) application or a third-party CA to obtain certificates for secure TLS and S/MIME communication.
- Encryption
  Encryption protects data from unauthorized access.
- Web-based authentication
  Define and set up authentication methods for web users, for example through basic password authentication, passkeys, time-based one-time password, or single sign-on.
  - Name-and-password authentication for Internet/intranet clients
    Name-and-password authentication, also known as basic password authentication, uses a basic challenge/response protocol to ask users for their names and passwords and then verifies the accuracy of the passwords by checking them against a secure hash of the password stored in Person documents in the Domino® Directory.
  - Passkey authentication
    Learn how to enable passkey authentication on a Domino server or internet site for improved security.
  - Time-based one-time password (TOTP) authentication
    When users log on to a Domino Web server, you can require that they provide time-based one-time passwords in addition to their user names and passwords.
  - Multi-server session-based authentication (single sign-on)
    Multi-server session-based authentication, also known as single sign-on (SSO), allows Web users to log in once to a Domino® or WebSphere® server, and then access any other Domino or WebSphere servers in the same DNS domain that are enabled for single sign-on (SSO) without having to log in again.
  - Using Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) to configure federated-identity authentication
    Federated identity is a means of achieving single sign-on, providing user convenience and helping to reduce administrative cost. In Domino® and Notes®, federated identity for user authentication uses the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) standard from OASIS.
  - Using OpenID Connect (OIDC) to configure federated-identity authentication
    Federated identity is a means of achieving single sign-on, providing user convenience and helping reduce administrative cost. One way that client applications can authenticate users is by using an OpenID Connect (OIDC) provider.
    - Preparing for OIDC authentication
      The tasks in this section are prerequisites to using both HTTP Bearer authentication using an OIDC provider and configuring SSO for web clients using an OIDC provider.
      - Configuring trusted OIDC providers
        Use the IdP Catalog application (idpcat.nsf) to configure a trusted OIDC provider.
      - Managing the JSON Web Key cache
        In Domino 14.0, the main server task manages and caches the configured OIDC Providers in the IDP Catalog database and their trusted JSON Web Keys (JWKs). These trusted JWKs are used to cryptographically verify the JWTs used for HTTP Bearer Authentication and Web Login with OIDC. This cached information can be used by all Domino server tasks, including C API programs using the SECValidateAccessToken SDK function.
    - Configuring HTTP Bearer authentication using an OIDC provider
      Client applications such as native apps, mobile apps, Progressive Web Apps (PWAs), and Single Page Apps (SPAs) can use HTTP bearer authentication with signed JWT access tokens acquired from an OIDC provider to authenticate to Domino servers.
    - Configuring Web Login with OIDC for web users
      A Single Sign-On (SSO) option for browser clients is available using the Open ID Connect (OIDC) authorization code flow with PKCE.
- Using a credential store to store credentials
  A Domino® server can use a credential store application as a secure artifact repository. Examples of secure artifacts include authentication credentials and security keys.
- History of supported key sizes in Notes and Domino
  Understand the RSA key sizes supported by Notes® and Domino® from past releases to the current release.

Managing the JSON Web Key cache

In Domino 14.0, the main server task manages and caches the configured OIDC Providers in the IDP Catalog database and their trusted JSON Web Keys (JWKs). These trusted JWKs are used to cryptographically verify the JWTs used for HTTP Bearer Authentication and Web Login with OIDC. This cached information can be used by all Domino server tasks, including C API programs using the SECValidateAccessToken SDK function.

About this task

In addition to loading configured OIDC Providers' published endpoints and JWKs when the HTTP task starts and restarts, the server task checks the cache for needed updates every minute. JWK expiration times are returned by providers in their cache-control response headers and are refreshed 10 minutes before they expire. Providers that do not return cache-control headers are refreshed every 30 minutes by default.

The JWK cache management thread also checks the cache for JWKs that expired over 24 hours ago every 12 hours and removes them to prevent the cache from growing out of control.

Procedure

If you want change the timing of an action in the following table, edit the its NOTES.INI setting.

Table 1. Default settings
Setting	Description
OIDC_PROVIDER_CACHE_ADVANCE_RENEWAL=10*60	Providers updated 10 minutes before expiration
OIDC_PROVIDER_CACHE_DEFAULT_EXPIRATION=30*60	Providers without Max-age update every 30 minutes by default
OIDC_JWK_CACHE_PURGE_INTERVAL=126060	Purge long-expired JWKs every 12 hours by default
OIDC_JWK_CACHE_PURGE_EXPIRED_SEC=246060	Purge only JWKs that expired more than 24 hours ago

Table 2. Tracing
Setting	Description
DEBUG_OIDC_CACHE = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6)	Applies to the OIDC Provider cache and the SECValidateAccessToken SDK routine